The During The Era Of Good Feeling, While Westward Expansion

During the Era of Good Feeling, while westward expansion was booming, a sense of unity and nationalism emerged as a result of the post-war reconstruction period as well as the decline of the federalist party; however, the Panic of 1819 caused a severe economic depression making this period not an Era of Good Feelings. Although the one party system was somewhat beneficial during the Era of Good Feelings, creating a false sense of political unity between the people, poor economic decisions lead to a depression. Sectionalism also increased between the northern and southern states over slavery, adding to political tensions between states and the federal government. The Era of Good Feelings was an era of so called political unity, ushered in†¦show more content†¦The South was based on agriculture, leaning towards strong local governments. The North was heavily influenced by Henry Clay’s American System, accompanied with large scale industrialization and cities. The most distinctive political difference between the northern and southern states was their view on slavery. The southern states found slaves a necessity in order to have a labour force to operated the cotton gins in the plantations; however, the northern states opposed the use of slaves due to their morales. This sectionalism caused a division among American citizens, affecting the government’s ability to unite the two political ideologies. To attempt to satisfy the demands of both the North and South, the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was created to resolve issues of slavery in newer western states. This compromise brought upon the 36-30 Parallel Line, a geographic al line that split the North and South, depicting the contrasting political and societal views and increasing sectionalism (F). This power struggle between states and the federal government only caused unrest, resulting in no further beneficial reforms or rulings, causing the Era of Good Feelings to not hold true to its name. During the Era of Good Feelings, a period of political separatism emerged despite the existence of a one party system. Although the Federalist Party disappeared in 1817 at the HartfordShow MoreRelated19th Century American History: Americas Second War of Independence1649 Words   |  7 PagesCentury American History Introduction The United States of 1812 1840 rode a roller coaster of exciting expansion, deep financial crisis and rising nationalism. American pre-war tendency to explore and assume the West was empowered by the wars end, military bounties, improved transportation and the governments sometimes euphemistic descriptions of the West. The excesses of this Era of Good Feeling, combined with international and national factors, plunged America into the Panic of 1819, our firstRead MoreThe Era Of Good Feelings1211 Words   |  5 PagesSec. 3 The years 1815 to 1825 are incorrectly titled the â€Å"Era of Good Feelings.† Though many consider this time period to be one of unity and nationalism, the occurrences of this age indicate otherwise. Though there were a small amount of beneficial happenings in this era, the bad greatly outweighs the good. Perhaps America prospered economically toward the end of the era with industrialism thriving, but slavery, taxation, and the expansion of the country beckons the question of how this time in America’sRead MoreA Short Note On The War Of 18121368 Words   |  6 Pagesstate in the Midwest. As a colony of Great Britain, Canada fought in the war as they were being invaded by the Americans. The Native Americans fought against the United States because they did not want the Americans to expand westward. These groups joined forces during the War of 1812 to prevent the United States from becoming a major force in the world. Trade restrictions brought on by the British war with France helped with the start of the War of 1812. France and Great Britain were alreadyRead MoreThe Expansion Of The New Nation1477 Words   |  6 Pages In the later half of nineteenth century America, the new nation’s original ability to resolve conflict through means of peaceful compromise had vanished. Various spans of conflict such as Westward Expansion, the Market Revolution, Sectionalism, Mexican American War, the succession of the southern states and ultimately the failure of the Compromise of 1850 that made compromise between the North and the South unattainable. It was the uncompromising differences amongst the free and slave states overRead MoreEssay about Johnson VS Madison1987 Words   |  8 Pagesof the times, he sought the â€Å"Greater Good† of the people. James Madison was the fourth president of the United States. Although he was president, he is better known as the â€Å"father of the Constitution†. He led our fledging nation through the difficult War of 1812. Lyndon Johnson’s presidency was embroiled in foreign nations as was Madison’s. An advocator of the space program, Johnson and the leaders of Russia worked things out between their two nations. During Johnson’s presidency, Vietnam becameRead More2002 APUSH DBQ1468 Words   |  6 Pages2002 AP DBQ In the years following the War of 1812, the â€Å"Era of Good Feelings† evolved between the years 1815 and 1825. In the first half of this period, there was a strong sense of nationalism throughout the United States. However, political changes and economic differences between the states warped this nationalism into the sectionalism that divided the country into north, south and west regions. Celebrations of unity within the United States soon turned into disagreements concerning representationRead MoreRacism In America Essay816 Words   |  4 Pageshuman beings in Asia moved north in search wooly mammoths and made their way across the Bering Straight to Alaska. Over the next several hundred years, they made their way to the Great Plains where they hunted huge mammals to the point of extinction. During the Archaic Period (9000 B.C. Ââ€" 1000 B.C.), bands of hunters moved constantly from one area to another in constant search of a suitable food supply. By 1000 B.C. the first s edentary communities were developed near rich fishing areas along the coastsRead MoreThe Transition Of The Mexican California Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesCountries were becoming independent all throughout Latin America during the 1800s. The people of the United States expected great things of these freshly independent countries. Of these countries was Mexico, which achieved independence in 1821. Americans were excited when Mexico gained its Independence. They assumed great things were to become of the country. Mexico had an abundance of resources and even more land. Expectations became a harsh reality for Mexican California. The transition from colonyRead MoreCauses and Effects of the War of 18121527 Words   |  7 Pagesworld power. The addition of Alaska, Oregon, Texas, and Florida, the Mexican Cession and The Louisiana Purchase made The United States a world power. The War of 1812 catalyzed this great expansion. There were four main concerns that led to The War of 1812. Mari time and trade issues, the Embargo Act, territorial expansion, and War Hawks. Although they were major concerns, one alone did not start up the war. â€Å"On June 18, 1812, the United States declared war against Great Britain. In what is often calledRead MoreThe Civil War Of 18121560 Words   |  7 Pagesbalance between states who favored slavery, and those who were against it and banned it in their respective state. But how this was achieved? After the â€Å"War of 1812†, the American people started to contemplate the idea of expansion more thoroughly, which led to the â€Å"Era of Good Feeling†, from 1817 to 1823. This ideas, however, were delayed because of the â€Å"Panic of 1819†, which was the aftermath result of the â€Å"War of 1812†. On top of that, from 1819 to 1821, a national crisis known as the â€Å"Missouri Crisis†

Lexicology - Definition and Examples

Lexicology is the branch of linguistics that studies the stock of words (the lexicon) in a given language. Adjective: lexicological. Etymology From the Greek lexico- -logy, word study Lexicology and Syntax Lexicology deals not only with simple words in all their aspects but also with complex and compound words, the meaningful units of language. Since these units must be analyzed in respect of both their form and their meaning, lexicology relies on information derived from morphology, the study of the forms of words and their components, and semantics, the study of their meanings. A third field of particular interest in lexicological studies is etymology, the study of the origins of words. However, lexicology must not be confused with lexicography, the writing or compilation of dictionaries, which is a special technique rather than a level of language studies ...The essential difference between syntax and lexicology is that the former deals with the general facts of language and the latter with special aspects. . . . Syntax is general because it deals with rules and regularities that apply to classes of words as a whole, whereas lexicology is particular because it is concerned with the way individual words operate and affect other words in the same context. Although borderline cases do exist in both lexicology and syntax, e.g., in the case of grammatical or function words, the distinction between the two levels is fairly clear.  (Howard Jackson and Etienne Zà © Amvela, Words, Meaning, and Vocabulary: An Introduction to Modern English Lexicology. Continuum, 2007) Content Words and Function Words [T]eachers of English have customarily distinguished between content words, like snow and mountain, and function words, like it and on and of and the ...  Lexicology is the study of content words or lexical items.  (M.A.K. Halliday et al., Lexicology and Corpus Linguistics. Continuum, 2004) Lexicology and Grammar Both grammar and lexicology involve us in an indefinitely large number of superficially different units. In the case of grammar these are phrases, clauses, and sentences; in the case of lexicology the units are words, or more precisely . . . lexical items. It is typical of grammar to make general and abstract statements about the units concerned, showing a common construction despite formal differences. It is typical of lexicology to make specific statements about individual units. In consequence, while the grammar of a language is best handled in chapters devoted to different types of construction, it is normal to deal with the lexicon of a language in an alphabetical dictionary, each entry devoted to a different lexical item.  (Randolph Quirk et al., A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, 2nd ed. Longman, 1985) Lexicology and Phonology [I]t may be thought at first sight that phonology does not interact with lexicology in any significant manner. But a close analysis will reveal that, in many cases, the difference between two otherwise identical lexical items can be reduced to a difference at the level of phonology. Compare for example the pair of words toy and boy, feet and fit, pill and pin. They differ only in one sound unit (the position of which has been [italicized] in each word) and yet the difference has serious consequences at the level of lexicology.  (Etienne Zà © Amvela, Lexicography and Lexicology. Routledge Encyclopedia of Language Teaching and Learning, ed. by Michaà «l Byram. Routledge, 2000) Pronunciation: lek-se-KAH-le-gee

Is it ethical to feed live food to reptiles Free Essays

string(102) " leaving live food in the various for long periods of time and by providing shelter and water for it\." Is it ethical to feed live food to exotic pets? Abstract Live food items are often fed to exotic pet species whether they be birds, amphibians, reptiles or mammals. This raises issues of welfare, both of the animals fed live prey Items and the prey Itself. Concerns over live food welfare are particularly marked In the feeding of vertebrate prey Items and evidence presented here shows the prolonged time taken for rodents to die, this fuelling these concerns. We will write a custom essay sample on Is it ethical to feed live food to reptiles or any similar topic only for you Order Now And yet the welfare of all exotic pets relies both on providing optimal nutrition and ensuring, as such as possible, that their natural behaviors can be expressed. Does that mean that predatory species must be fed live prey? This paper discusses this problem and seeks potential solutions. Introduction Many of the â€Å"exotic† species that are kept as pets (companion animals) or for study, or which form part of a zoo or rescue centre, are wholly or partly carnivorous and therefore require food of animal origin. Many omnivores also feed In part on live or dead animals and some essentially herbivorous/carnivorous species, such as finches (Freeloading), require invertebrate food when they are nestlings. In this paper emphasis is on the provision of still living food, but brief mention will be made of dead animals. The discussion relates mainly to live food given to captive exotic animals but it must be remembered that free-living Individuals also kill and eat live prey. The use of live food Food comprising live animals or their derivatives is widely considered to serve two main purposes. First, from a nutritive perspective, It contains important, sometimes essential, amino acids, vitamins and other nutrients; secondly, from a behavioral viewpoint It provides captive animals with stimulation, especially when It Is resented to them in an imaginative way, providing a very important form of environmental enrichment. The subject of â€Å"live-feeding† of animals in zoos and private collections has become a specialist topic, with numerous papers in the literature about how best such diets should be chosen and presented. These include precautions to minimize damage to the prey species by attacks from the animals provided as live food. O be well-substantiated; as noted above, it provides behavioral enrichment and represents a natural or near-natural method of providing essential nutrition . There s, however, another important consideration, which is sometimes forgotten or ignored. This is the question of the wellbeing of the live food that is being offered. After all, the food consists of living animals which, regardless of their taxonomic status, may be subjected to and affected by stresses, including pain during the period before and during being eaten. There are several stages at which the prey species may be subjected to stresses. The first of these is during production or collection. Live food is either bred in captivity or collected in the wild and in many cases such breeding or collection may involve stress for the animals involved. When offered as food, prior to being devoured the live food prey item is often in what for it is an unusual, an â€Å"alien† environment. It may, for example, be exposed to abnormally high temperatures or bright lights, rendering the individual, by definition, vulnerable to attack/apprehension by the animal to which it is being fed. The key welfare issue for many animals provided as live food will be when they are being devoured. Some live food is killed almost instantaneously by the predator, using physical or chemical means from trauma to veneration, both of these potentially rendering the prey immobile while losing consciousness. In such circumstances there may be little in risk of poor welfare. But often death takes much longer – for instance, a rodent constricted and thus killed by suffocation by a snake, or a cockroach dismembered while it is still alive. Some prey items may be swallowed whole and are therefore still alive – and presumably conscious – for some time until they die of asphyxia or the effect of the predator’s gastric Juices; If not immediately devoured uneaten prey may be taken and consumed abstinently, perhaps on another day, but in the meantime it has to survive in an alien environment, often without water, food or appropriate shelter. Sometimes the prey item is never eaten, either because the predator is no longer hungry or because the prey escapes. As a result, it may die as a result of starvation, dehydration, hyperthermia or hypothermia in the predator’s cage. It may, alternatively, establish itself in that cage or escape into the home/zoo environment. Here crickets (Grilled) are the best example. The debate Vertebrate food Some decades ago concern began to be voiced by some individuals and certain institutions about the practice of feeding live vertebrates to captive mammals, birds and reptiles. The methods employed began to be subjected to greater scrutiny and criticism as a greater understanding of, and sensitivity to, issues of animal welfare evolved. Society of London) introduced a ban on the feeding of living vertebrate food to its captive reptiles and instead to train the latter to take freshly-killed prey or items (for example, a freshly dead rabbit) that could be moved to simulate life or placed in an unusual environment, such as a hollow tube, to interest the hungry predator. In Britain, at any rate, many other zoos and herpetologists followed suit and by the late asses the use of dead, not living, prey was considered to be â€Å"good practice†. During the decade of the asses claims were regularly made by animal welfare groups that live-feeding was â€Å"illegal† in the I-J but these assertions were countered in lectures and articles (1). The point was made that there was no specific legal ban on live- feeding but that such a practice might lead to a prosecution under the Protection of Animals Acts (2). Herpetologists who still wanted to feed live food to their charges ere encouraged to take steps to minimize suffering in various ways – for example, by not leaving live food in the various for long periods of time and by providing shelter and water for it. You read "Is it ethical to feed live food to reptiles" in category "Food" Those recommendations in Britain were in a large part a modification and refinement of the approach taken by the senior author nearly a decade beforehand, when, in an attempt to encourage a more humane approach to live-feeding of snakes in East Africa, a document was drawn up by the Kenya Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. (KAPPA). This is reproduced as Appendix A. Force-feeding† of non-living food is also a possibility, particularly used for ‘difficult’ species such as Royal pythons (Python argues) but this can be stressful. Another argument used on both sides of the Atlantic, to dissuade reptile-keepers from feeding live vertebrate food was that the latter could easily attack and damage the predator species. Thus, for instance, live rodents put in Bavaria as food can cause severe skin lesions in snakes (3, 4, 5). Having said that, a casual glance through online video clips, as detailed further below, shows that live vertebrate prey are still fed to pitiless by a number of keepers. Invertebrate food Questioning the feeding of live invertebrates to captive animals is less common even today . In the asses an â€Å"animal rights† group based in Scotland lobbied for more awareness of the welfare needs of invertebrate animals and included in their concerns the use of crickets, maelstroms and other species as food items for captive mammals, birds and reptiles. In the past two decades interest amongst veterinarians and others in the health and welfare of invertebrates has grown (6, 7). In its wake, discussion and studies on whether or not invertebrates â€Å"suffer† pain have become reverent (7), including some limited analysis and discussions of the ethical considerations of using these animals as live prey. A problem, of course, is that the term â€Å"invertebrate† is very broad, covering around 30 distinct phyla, and the ability of such animals to react to a noxious stimulus varies greatly between, say, a coelenterate that has no generalized nervous system and a cephalic with a well-developed nervous system and pain responses (7). The main groups of invertebrate that are used as food for other animals are arthropods, phyla produce endorphins and may, therefore, be able not only to respond to pain by appropriate escape behavior but be aware of it. Research on the nematode Conservationist elegant, for instance, has shown that activation, an invertebrate homologue of morphogenesis, together with improprieties, modulates aversive activity that mimics behaviors associated with chronic pain in vertebrates (9). While such primitive species can exhibit inception, it would be questioned by many as to whether they feel pain, defined as ‘an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage’ (italics added) (10). Even a single- led amoeba moves away from a noxious stimulus, but cannot be said to have an emotional response – so where on the evolutionary ‘ladder’ does such a response occur? Certainly there are behavioral indicators of pain in several crustacean species (11) and some mollusks (12). In some situations such as the use of live insects in biomedical research, the approach advocated by certain authors has been â€Å"to give them (invertebrates) the benefit of the doubt† and therefore (for example) to employ an anesthetic agent when a procedure to be performed that might cause pain (13). Such a precautionary Renville has not apparently, however, been applied to the use of these same species as live food for mammals, birds or reptiles – and probably would not be realistic. We are, after all, here in a situation where the benefits of one species, the predator, must be weighed against those of the prey species. Such is the very essence of nature. Hopefully, wherever possible, in a captive environment the welfare needs of both predator and prey can be considered and predator species trained to accept dead prey rather than live. ‘ A preliminary study of welfare of live prey species Perhaps a start on such a Journey is to ask for evidence regarding the welfare of prey species when being fed to a predator species. For that reason, we present here a preliminary study using online You Tube videos of various captive reptiles as the predator and mice, rats and crickets as live prey items. Clearly this cannot be a controlled study, but the videos were sampled by accessing the first ten adequate clips defined by ‘reptile eats live mouse’, ‘reptile eats live rat’, and ‘reptile eats live locust’ and recording the time taken from apprehension of the prey item to death as determined by the time of last movement of prey item. It could be argued that the prey species may not lose consciousness until after that period and, in some cases, vivification by the prey item may occur after the last obvious movement, but in those documented in Table 1 this was not the case. The time to death as estimated by cessation of any movement was 62Ð’Â ±29 seconds for mice, 54Ð’Â ±21 seconds for rats and 18Ð’Â ±17 seconds for locusts, with ranges from 38 to 120 seconds for the mice, 24-82 seconds for the rats and 5-62 seconds for the locusts . These figures are clearly influenced by the size of both prey and of predator. Euthanasia of laboratory rodents by carbon dioxide may take 2-3 minutes (14) while cervical dislocation successfully killed animals apparently instantaneously in 79% of animals in one study (15). In another study electroencephalographic activity during the 30 seconds immediately (at 5 to 10 s), 10-15 seconds after exposure to 100% CO, 15-20 seconds after decapitation and at 20-25 seconds with cardiac arrest caused by KC injection but not after administration of 70% CO (15). A painful and fear-provoking death taking p to 2 minutes as seen in many live food subjects would not, we argue, be acceptable in any circumstances. Interestingly, few if any rodents seemed aware that a predator shared the various with them, many mice actively investigating the snake until the moment of attack. Other rodents in the enclosure did not appear to show behavioral evidence of fear even when other rodents in the same various were attacked, constricted and killed. On the other hand, the fear and pain indicated by rapid movements and vacillations of the prey item, was clear in many of the cases as noted in Table 1 . These author found it disturbing to watch the video clips in many cases and we would argue that the suffering of prey species in many of these video clips and in many is contrary to the requirements of the Animal Welfare Act (2006) in the United Kingdom, as discussed further below. Discussion There can be no hard-and-fast rules about the feeding of live food to captive animals. However we advocate that, if it is not necessary to sustain the life of the prey species in order to stimulate the predator to pretend and swallow, live-feeding should not take place.. When such a feeding practice is necessary – and is not De facto in intervention of legislation – it should be carried out with care and sensitivity and follow a code of practice. As noted at the beginning of this paper, there are two elements to live-feeding – the predator and the prey – and these both warrant a humane approach. Although reptiles have attracted particular attention in the debate about live-feeding, other carnivorous tax have also come under some scrutiny, especially in Europe. The feeding of large felid such as lions, tigers and cheetahs with live vertebrates, such as rodents or alligators, has long ceased to be accepted practice in zoos in cost of Europe. The use of living animals, such as mice or quail, to encourage falconers’ birds and wildlife casualties to perfect their hunting skills has, likewise, been officially phased-out. Some of the practices alluded to above have stopped because of public attitudes but legislation has also, indirectly, had a result. Thus, for example, the I-J Animal Welfare Act 2006, while not specifically outlawing the feeding of live food to carnivorous species, puts an onus of responsibility on keepers on a duty of care to all animals in their possession and thus an obligation to ensure as far as possible that ere species are killed before being offered as food. How to cite Is it ethical to feed live food to reptiles, Essays

The legacy of the renaissance Essay Example For Students

The legacy of the renaissance Essay The legacy of the renaissance can be described and defined in many ways and through many great people. For example, one of the main figures of the renaissance was Leonardo Dad Vinci born in Italy during the years; he was during his time and is still today considered a true renaissance man. Dad Vinci dabbled in almost every aspect of the arts and science. He is most famous however for his painting (Mona Lisa) finished in 1506, but he also worked on designs for weapons and sculpted as well as the study of human anatomy. Leonardo Dad Vinci died on May 2nd 1519. And it is said that King Francis was at his side when he died, cradling Leonardo head in his arms. Another great figure of the renaissance was the Architect (Andrea Palladian) born in the year 1508, Palladian was a master architect and is often described as the most influential and copied architect in the Western world. Palladian used classical architecture to influence his style and that is what makes him a key figure of the renaissance period. Since the renaissance was based on classical ideals. By the 1 sass, Palladian was using classical principles to design a series of country villas and urban palaces for the nobility of Vaccine. One of his most famous s Villa Copra, also known as the Rotunda, which was modeled after the Roman Pantheon. Palladian also designed the Basilica in Vaccine, and in the asses he began work on religious buildings in Venice. Palladian died in the year 1580 but left behind a legacy of architectural works and design plans in a book he published called (The Four Books of Architecture) were widely translated, and Paladins ideas spread across Europe and into the New World. American statesman Thomas Jefferson borrowed Palladian ideas when he designed Monticello, his home in Virginia. A final figure urine the renaissance was the sculptor Donate did Niccole ¶ did Bette Bard universally known as Donated, he was born in Florence around the year 1386 and during his time he created many famous works. One of his most famous is the statue (Saint George) a vigilant marble made for the guildhall of Reconnaissance. Although this is an early piece, it still follows the renaissance tradition of a return to classical themes. During his life Donated created many beautiful and highly influential works that would later inspire such great artists as (Michelangelo) through the 16th century. Donated died in the year 1466 in Italy but left behind a true legacy of renaissance art for generations to come. The leaders of the Reformation were, Martin Luther, Lurch Swing, John Calvin, Thomas Cromwell, Thomas Crammer, Hugh Altimeter and John Knox. The reformation was set in the ideal of building a new Church and new religion. The idea was good but the men who lead this reform were not fit be called human. If you look at the methods they choose to enforce their ideals of religious reformation you will find them to be nothing more than the sick and twisted methods of mad men. Such ethos as torture, hangings and drowning were used and condoned in the name of religion and God. Consider the fact that Aledo Hitler studied the writings of Martin Luther and implemented many of Lathers ideas into his own sick design for genocide of the Jewish race it is easy to say that the reformation was again, a good was the Counter Reformation the Catholic Church was not totally unprepared for the reformers. They had been fighting opposition, heresy and resistance for over 400 years. SO when the reformation began the church was preparing its own form of attack or anti reformation. .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c , .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c .postImageUrl , .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c , .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c:hover , .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c:visited , .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c:active { border:0!important; } .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c:active , .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5a64d0e1c6dec8e8fb4dc6e3780f8e7c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romanticism and Death EssayThe Counter Reformation movement birthed many groups such as the Modern Devotion and the Oratory of Divine Love were organizations that included both clergy and lay people and encouraged a return to simple ethical living and piety, principles that had been championed by Desires Erasmus. But the movement that most concerned the Catholic Church was that of the (Protestant church) the Protestant church was growing beyond the Catholic Church and posed a serious threat to the power that the Catholic Church held. From this concern came The Council of Trend The council of Trend was formed in 1545 and lasted for almost 0 years, until 1563. During this time the council worked on the problems in three separate sessions. It was a major undertaking and the outcome was a much needed reform of the Catholic Church but it was still on their terms. Although many issues were addressed and resolved by the council it was too little too late. The Protestant Church had grown too strong and beyond the reach of the Catholic Church. Although the Catholic Church would remain a major religion, it would in a few short centuries no longer be the leading religion in the western world. The Baroque Age was during the years 1600-1750 A. D. During this time period many great advances in the arts were made but none greater the ones made in music. The word Baroque comes from two words. The first being the French word baroque meaning (irregularly shaped pearl) the second being the Portuguese word barroom also meaning (irregularly shaped pearl) the Baroque Age was after the Renaissance and in a way was a backlash to the simplicity and ideals of the renaissance period. The Baroque age saw a trend in extravagance, bold ornamentation and flamboyance. There were three major movements during the baroque age. The first being Florid Style. This style was brought to life by the influence of seventeenth-century popes and is easily recognized by identifying its name florid with the style. Think of florid the word. Flowers, bright colors and rich textures and shapes all come to mind. This was the florid style. Second is the Classical style. This style of art had a very secular focus and identified itself with Absolutism which at the time was the view of Louis XIV also called the sun king. If you think absolutism you can envision straight clean lines, simple geometric shapes and everything coming together in perfect seamless unison. This style would also influence modern art and artists. The third style of baroque art was the Restrained Baroque. This style again, is easily envisioned by simply thinking about its name. Although most restrained baroque art was being done in the northern regions of the world such as the Netherlands, examples can be found in some regions of Italy as well. Some famous artists who practiced this style were, Rembrandt Van Iris, Jan Vermeer and Anthony Van Deck. The Scientific revolution lasted from 1600 to 171 5 with its climax between 1685 and 1715. During this time period many great changes took place. First, the changes in astronomy and physics were largely influenced by the new theory that the sun centered the universe as opposed to the old view that the earth centered the of scholars. The result was called Heliocentric Once this was established as fact; people now began to see the universe in a whole new light. Mathematical calculations were now though to be able to unlock the mysteries of nature and mankind. Many key figures of the time such as Nicolas Copernicus, Sir Isaac Newton and Johannes Keeper all made valuable contributions to the scientific revolution and how it was shaped. There were also conflicts that resulted from this revolution forever. The Church, both Catholic and Protestant agreed that this new theory was dangerous and went against the Holy Scripture. The church felt that if the earth was no longer at the center of the universe then neither was man and his place in the divine scheme of things was then reduced. .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0 , .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0 .postImageUrl , .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0 , .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0:hover , .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0:visited , .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0:active { border:0!important; } .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0:active , .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0 .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u902bc1d5f835c86b7a2ea5c5ba3b8ba0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Humanism in Renaissance Art EssaySo it was denounced and condemned as a false system. It was not until 1822 that the Roman Catholic Church accepted the theory as true. Also, sects within the Protestant church slowly began to adapt and accept the theory as true. Thomas Hobbes was born in 1588 in England and theorized that man was incapable f existing without rule over them and in order to for humanity to exist in a civil society they must be ruled by one individual and give up their sovereignty. John Locke was born 1632 in England as well but Locke theorized that people were basically good in nature and could govern themselves but needed a government to protect them instead of ruling them. Both had different points of view on humanity and how a structured system should work but both Hobbes and Locke agreed that a Social Contract was needed in order to keep things balanced. Locke and Hobbes views influenced the Enlightenment but in different ways. Lockers views influenced he Enlightenment by helping give way to such ideas as better public education and a more liberal government. I can not find how Hobbes views influenced the Enlightenment with the exception of reinforcing the ideals of oppression and fascist rule over the people. The resulting views of government based on these theories were both for the greater good of the people based on Lockers theory and for the greater good of the government based on Hobbes views. Works cited. (1) Western Humanities Volvo. II fifth edition (2) (The Panorama of the Renaissance) Edited by: Margaret Gaston, Bearable Press (3) Various internet research sites.