Profile of Jane Addams, Founder of Hull House

Profile of Jane Addams, Founder of Hull House Humanitarian and social reformer Jane Addams, born into wealth and privilege, devoted herself to improving the lives of those less fortunate. Although she is best remembered for establishing Hull House (a settlement house in Chicago for immigrants and the poor), Addams was also deeply committed to promoting peace, civil rights, and womens right to vote. Addams was a founding member of both the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the American Civil Liberties Union. As a recipient of the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize, she was the first American woman to receive that honor. Jane Addams is considered by many a pioneer in the field of modern social work. Dates: September 6, 1860- May 21, 1935 Also Known As: Laura Jane Addams (born as), Saint Jane, Angel of Hull House Childhood in Illinois Laura Jane Addams was born September 6, 1860, in Cedarville, Illinois to Sarah Weber Addams and John Huy Addams. She was the eighth of nine children, four of whom did not survive infancy. Sarah Addams died a week after giving birth to a premature baby (who  also died) in 1863 when Laura Jane- later known just as Jane- was only two years old. Janes father ran a successful mill business, which enabled him to build a large, beautiful home for his family. John Addams was also an Illinois state senator and a close friend of Abraham Lincoln, whose anti-slavery sentiments he shared. Jane learned as an adult that her father had been a conductor on the Underground Railroad and had helped escaped slaves as they made their way to Canada. When Jane was six, the family suffered another loss- her 16-year old sister Martha succumbed to typhoid fever. The following year, John Addams married Anna Haldeman, a widow with two sons. Jane became close to her new stepbrother George, who was only six months younger than her. They attended school together and both planned to go to college one day. College Days Jane Addams had set her sights on Smith College, a prestigious womens school in Massachusetts, with the goal of eventually earning a medical degree. After months of preparing for the difficult entrance exams, 16-year-old Jane learned in July 1877 that shed been accepted at Smith. John Addams, however, had different plans for Jane. After losing his first wife and five of his children, he didnt want his daughter to move so far away from home. Addams insisted that Jane enroll in Rockford Female Seminary, a Presbyterian-based womens school in nearby Rockford, Illinois that her sisters had attended. Jane had no other choice but to obey her father. Rockford Female Seminary schooled its students in both academics and religion in a strict, regimented atmosphere. Jane settled into the routine, becoming a confident writer and public speaker by the time she graduated in 1881. Many of her classmates went on to become missionaries, but Jane Addams believed that she could find a way of serving mankind without promoting Christianity. Although a spiritual person, Jane Addams did not belong to any particular church. Difficult Times for Jane Addams Returning home to her fathers house, Addams felt lost, uncertain about what to do next with her life. Postponing any decision about her future, she chose to accompany her father and stepmother on a trip to Michigan instead. The trip ended in tragedy when John Addams became gravely ill and died suddenly of appendicitis. A grieving Jane Addams, seeking direction in her life, applied to the Womens Medical College of Philadelphia, where she was accepted for the fall of 1881. Addams coped with her loss by immersing herself in her studies at the medical college. Unfortunately, only months after shed begun classes, she developed chronic back pain, caused by the curvature of the spine. Addams had surgery in late 1882 which improved her condition somewhat, but following a lengthy, difficult recovery period, decided that she would not return to school. A Life-Changing Journey Addams next embarked upon a trip abroad, a traditional rite of passage among wealthy young people in the nineteenth century. Accompanied by her stepmother and cousins, Addams sailed to Europe for a two-year tour in 1883. What began as an exploration of the sights and cultures of Europe became, in fact, an eye-opening experience for Addams. Addams was stunned by the poverty she witnessed in the slums of European cities. One episode in particular affected her deeply. The tour bus she was riding stopped on a street in the impoverished East End of London. A group of unwashed, raggedly-dressed people stood in line, waiting to purchase rotten produce that had been discarded by merchants. Addams watched as one man paid for a spoiled cabbage, then gobbled it down neither washed nor cooked. She was horrified that the city would allow its citizens to live in such wretched conditions. Grateful for all of her own blessings, Jane Addams believed it was her duty to help those less fortunate. She had inherited a large sum of money from her father but was not yet sure how she could best put it to use. Jane Addams Finds Her Calling Returning to the U.S. in 1885, Addams and her stepmother spent summers in Cedarville and winters in Baltimore, Maryland, where Addams stepbrother George Haldeman attended medical school. Mrs. Addams expressed her fond hope that Jane and George would marry one day. George did have romantic feelings for Jane, but she didnt return the sentiment. Jane Addams was never known to have had a romantic relationship with any man. While in Baltimore, Addams was expected to attend countless parties and social functions with her stepmother. She detested these obligations, preferring instead to visit the citys charitable institutions, such as shelters and orphanages. Still uncertain of what role she could play, Addams decided to go abroad again, hoping to clear her mind. She traveled to Europe in 1887 with Ellen Gates Starr, a friend from the Rockford Seminary. Eventually, inspiration did come to Addams when she visited Ulm Cathedral in Germany, where she felt a sense of unity. Addams envisioned creating what she called a Cathedral of Humanity, a place where people in need could come not only for help with basic needs but also for cultural enrichment.* Addams traveled to London, where she visited an organization that would serve as a model for her project- Toynbee Hall. Toynbee Hall was a settlement house, where young, educated men lived in a poor community in order to get to know its residents and to learn how best to serve them. Addams proposed that she would open such a center in an American city. Starr agreed to help her. Founding Hull House Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr decided upon Chicago as the ideal city for their new venture. Starr had worked as a teacher in Chicago and was familiar with the citys neighborhoods; she also knew several prominent people there. The women moved to Chicago in January 1889 when Addams was 28 years old. Addams family thought her idea was absurd, but she would not be dissuaded. She and Starr set out to find a large house situated in an underprivileged area. After weeks of searching, they found a house in Chicagos 19th Ward that had been built 33 years earlier by businessman Charles Hull. The house had once been surrounded by farmland, but the neighborhood had evolved into an industrial area. Addams and Starr renovated the house and moved in on September 18, 1889. Neighbors were reluctant at first to pay them a visit, suspicious about what the two well-dressed womens motives might be. Visitors, mainly immigrants, began to trickle in, and Addams and Starr quickly learned to set priorities based upon the needs of their clients. It soon became apparent that providing childcare for working parents was a top priority. Assembling a group of well-educated volunteers, Addams and Starr set up a kindergarten class, as well as programs and lectures for both children and adults. They provided other vital services, such as finding jobs for the unemployed, caring for the sick, and supplying food and clothing to the needy. (Pictures of Hull House) Hull House attracted the attention of wealthy Chicagoans, many of whom wanted to help. Addams solicited donations from them, allowing her to build a play area for the children, as well as to add a library, an art gallery, and even a post office. Eventually, Hull House took up an entire block of the neighborhood. Working for Social Reform As Addams and Starr familiarized themselves with the living conditions of the people around them, they recognized the need for real social reform. Well-acquainted with many children who worked more than 60 hours a week, Addams and her volunteers worked to change child labor laws. They provided lawmakers with information they had compiled and spoke at community gatherings. In 1893, the Factory Act, which limited the number of hours a child could work, was passed in Illinois. Other causes championed by Addams and her colleagues included improving conditions in mental hospitals and poorhouses, creating a juvenile court system, and promoting the unionization of working women. Addams also worked to reform employment agencies, many of which used dishonest practices, especially in dealing with vulnerable new immigrants. A state law was passed in 1899 that regulated those agencies. Addams became personally involved with another issue: uncollected garbage on the streets in her neighborhood. The garbage, she argued, attracted vermin and contributed to the spread of disease. In 1895, Addams went to City Hall to protest and came away as the newly-appointed garbage inspector for the 19th Ward. She took her job seriously the only paying position shed ever held. Addams rose at dawn, climbing into her carriage to follow and monitor trash collectors. After her one-year term, Addams was happy to report a reduced death rate in the 19th Ward. Jane Addams: A National Figure By the early twentieth century, Addams had become well-respected as an advocate for the poor. Thanks to the success of Hull House, settlement houses were established in other major American cities. Addams developed a friendship with President Theodore Roosevelt, who was impressed by the changes she had effected in Chicago. The President stopped by to visit her at Hull House whenever he was in town. As one of Americas most admired women, Addams found new opportunities to give speeches and to write about social reform. She shared her knowledge with others in the hope that more of the underprivileged would receive the help they needed. In 1910, when she was fifty years old, Addams published her autobiography, Twenty Years at Hull House. Addams became increasingly involved in more far-reaching causes. An ardent advocate for womens rights, Addams was elected vice-president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) in 1911 and campaigned actively for womens right to vote. When Theodore Roosevelt ran for re-election as a Progressive Party candidate in 1912, his platform contained many of the social reform policies endorsed by Addams. She supported Roosevelt but disagreed with his decision not to allow African-Americans to be part of the partys convention. Committed to racial equality, Addams had helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. Roosevelt went on to lose the election to Woodrow Wilson. World War I A lifelong pacifist, Addams advocated for peace during World War I. She was strongly opposed to the United States entering the war and became involved in two peace organizations: the Womans Peace Party (which she led) and the International Congress of Women. The latter was a worldwide movement with thousands of members who convened to work on strategies for avoiding war. Despite the best efforts of these organizations, the United States entered the war in April 1917. Addams was reviled by many for her anti-war stance. Some saw her as anti-patriotic, even traitorous. After the war, Addams toured Europe with members of the International Congress of Women. The women were horrified by the destruction they witnessed and were especially affected by the many starving children they saw. When Addams and her group suggested that starving German children deserved to be helped as much as any other child, they were accused of sympathizing with the enemy. Addams Receives the Nobel Peace Prize Addams continued to work for world peace, traveling around the world throughout the 1920s as the president of a new organization, the Womens International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF). Exhausted by the constant travel, Addams developed health problems and suffered a heart attack in 1926, forcing her to resign her leadership role in the WILPF. She completed the second volume of her autobiography, The Second Twenty Years at Hull House, in 1929. During the Great Depression, public sentiment once again favored Jane Addams. She was widely praised for all that she had accomplished and was honored by many institutions. Her greatest honor came in 1931 when Addams was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her work to promote peace worldwide. Because of ill health, she was unable to travel to Norway to accept it. Addams donated most of her prize money to the WILPF. Jane Addams died of intestinal cancer on May 21, 1935, only three days after her illness had been discovered during exploratory surgery. She was 74 years old. Thousands attended her funeral, fittingly held at Hull House. The Womens International League for Peace and Freedom is still active today; the Hull House Association was forced to close in January 2012 due to lack of funding. Source Jane Addams described her Cathedral of Humanity in her book Twenty Years at Hull House (Cambridge: Andover-Harvard Theological Library, 1910) 149.

Lugar del matrimonio gay para beneficios migratorios

Lugar del matrimonio gay para beneficios migratorios En Estados Unidos los matrimonios gays tienen los mismos beneficios  migratorios que los heterosexuales, tanto para el caso de tarjetas de residencia como de visas no inmigrantes. Beneficios migratorios de matrimonios gays Ciudadanos y residentes permanentes pueden solicitar la green card para sus cà ³nyuge, esto aplica tanto a los matrimonios entre una mujer y un varà ³n como a los celebrados entre dos personas del mismo sexo. Adems, los beneficios migratorios por matrimonio tambià ©n aplican en casos de visas no inmigrantes como la  F de estudiante. la H-1B,  de trabajo, las de inversià ³n  o  las J-1 de intercambio.  En este tipo de visas los cà ³nyuges y los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os pueden obtener lo que se conoce com visas derivadas. Pero el matrimonio tiene que  ser legal.  ¿Dà ³nde se puede celebrar? Lo importante es que el matrimonio està © vlidamente reconocido en el lugar en el que se celebra. En este artà ­culo se trata primero de la situacià ³n actual en Estados Unidos y tambià ©n de cà ³mo es la legislacià ³n en otros paà ­ses ya que se admite el celebrado en el extranjero, si es legal segà ºn tales leyes. Las leyes migratorias no piden que al menos uno de os novios tenga que residir en el lugar de celebracià ³n del matrimonio. Sà ³lo hablan de que sea reconocido legalmente en el lugar de celebracià ³n. Hay que destacar que se habla en todo momento de matrimonio, no de parejas o de uniones de hecho. Matrimonio homosexual en Estados Unidos Una decisià ³n de la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos del 26 de mayo de 2015 ha declarado inconstitucional las leyes de los estados que prohibà ­an el matrimonio entre dos hombres o dos mujeres.   Como consecuencia de esta sentencia, en todos los estados de los Estados Unidos es legal el matrimonio gay. Las reglas sobre quà © se necesita las determinan cada estado e, incluso, en casos, los condados o las municipalidades.   Asimismo, es legal en todos los territorios de Estados Unidos: Puerto Rico, Guam, Samoa y las Islas Và ­rgenes americanas. Y, por supuesto, en Washington D.C. (la capital del paà ­s no es un estado. Es un distrito). Lo que importa es que este tipo de matrimonio pasa a poder celebrarse vlidamente en todo el territorio nacional y que el requisito de Inmigracià ³n para que un matrimonio tenga consecuencias migratorias es precisamente ese: que sea vlido y no fraudulento (celebrado à ºnicamente con el propà ³sito de obtener los papeles). Otros paà ­ses en los que es vlido el matrimonio gay Las autoridades de inmigracià ³n de Estados Unidos reconocen para inmigracià ³n todos los matrimonios celebrados en el extranjero que son vlidos de acuerdo a sus leyes. Por lo tanto, se puede pedir una tarjeta de residencia   o una visa derivada para el marido o la esposa cuando el matrimonio homosexual se ha celebrado en un lugar donde es legal, aunque sea ilegal en el lugar habitual de residencia. Son legales los matrimonios entre dos personas del mismo sexo en: ArgentinaBà ©lgicaBrasilCanadColombiaDinamarca  Espaà ±aEstados UnidosFranciaHolandaIrlandaIslandiaLuxemburgoMà ©xico en Campeche, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Jalisco, Michoacn, Morelos, Nayarit, Quintana Rooy DFNoruegaNueva Zelanda  PortugalReino Unido  SudfricaSueciaUruguay En Finlandia la ley est aprobada y entrar en vigor el 1 de marzo de 2017. En el caso de Israel, no se celebran los matrimonios gays, pero sà ­ que se reconoce la legalidad de los celebrados vlidamente en otros paà ­ses. Matrimonio gay e inmigracià ³n de los Estados Unidos Para que el matrimonio produzca la green card las leyes migratorias piden que sea vlido y no fraudulento (celebrado à ºnicamente con el propà ³sito de obtener los papeles). Las personas interesadas en solicitar al cà ³nyuge deben familiarizarse con todo lo que hay que saber sobre el complejo trmite de pedir los papeles por matrimonio, incluido los requisitos de ingresos para poder patrocinar, los tiempos de demora en la tramitacià ³n, cuando no es posible pedir las esposo/a debido a su situacià ³n migratoria o cà ³mo las deudas pueden impedirlo.   Es tambià ©n importante entender las obligaciones que se contraen cuando se firma el documento que se conoce   como affidavit of support o declaracià ³n de sosteniento  ya que es posible que dure ms que el propio matrimonio. Asimismo, los extranjeros para los que se solicita la green card deben familiarizarse con las obligaciones y derechos que da la residencia. Una buena forma es tomar este test de respuestas mà ºltiples que permite verificar si se conocen los puntos bsicos para disfrutar la residencia y evitar su cancelacià ³n o revocacià ³n. Finalmente, en esta entrevista el abogado Frank Calabrese responde a dudas frecuentes sobre el  permiso de residencia  por  matrimonio gay  y tambià ©n peticiones de visa para cà ³nyuges homosexuales. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

Wind Energy in India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wind Energy in India - Essay Example One reason that has seen this form of natural energy dwindle is its nonrenewable nature. In this regard, humankind cannot renew natural gases and reuse them once they consume these resources. In addition, humankind has overexploited natural gases for economic gains in order to develop important sectors of the economy. These two factors have contributed to the depletion and the diminishing nature of this natural form of energy. Consequently, these depleting resources have necessitated humankind’s search of other sources of energy that were long-term and renewable. One such source of energy is the energy tapped from the wind and the sun, also known as wind energy and solar energy respectively. In line with this, nations have realized that these two forms of energy are renewable, and their use enhances a safe environment. All nations, despite their economic empowerment, have realized the importance role of wind and solar energy in meeting their energy demands. India is one of the nations of the world that has identified the important role of wind in producing energy. As a result, the country has made substantial investments in order to ensure that it tapped energy from wind to enhance its chances of meeting its national energy needs. Hence, this expose elucidates on the aspects that have enabled the use of wind energy in India. In addition, the expose will investigate any existing benefits and detrimental effects resulting from the use of wind energy in India. Finally, it is important to investigate the potential use of wind energy in India and its effects on energy or pollution situation over the world due to the ability of other sources of energy to cause pollution and affect the energy reserves due to their continued use. India is one of the countries that have the highest population. In addition, the economy of the country has been growing at an astronomical rate. In effect, demand for energy to sustain this growth is high with the country looking for o ther sources of energy rather than relying on the conventional sources of energy (Invest India). In addition, the country realized the importance of ensuring energy security, reducing the intensity of the density of carbon resulting from the use of nonrenewable energy, and reducing the adverse effects of natural gases use in the environment. To achieve the objectives, India realized that nonrenewable source of energy, with wind energy being the principal source, was a crucial way of achieving energy security, reducing the levels of carbon resulting from the use of nonrenewable energy, and improving a clean environment from the use of wind energy, which is a clean form of energy (Sargsyan et al.). In a 2001 census by India’s Ministry of Power, only 496,365 villages out of 593,732 were supplied with electricity power, which put the per capita consumption of energy in the country at 639 kWh making it one of the lowest in the world (Sargasyan et al. 2). In effect, a big proportio n of the country’s population cannot access the national power grid. One of the reasons leading to the failure to access the national power grid regards to the cost of power with most forms of natural energy being naturally expensive. Sargasyan et al. also noted that the country’s reliance on conventional forms of energy contributed to power shortages since these conventional sources were unreliable (2). Hence, the opportunity costs arising from diversifying to other sources of energy was high, which necessitated the need to identify other sources of

Marketing plan for Harrods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing plan for Harrods - Essay Example While PESTLE will evaluate the external environment surrounding the fashion retailer in United Kingdom, Porter’s analysis will provide a deeper understanding of the fashion industry in United Kingdom and ways in which industry factors affect strategies and functioning of Harrods. SWOT analysis helped in evaluating internal strengths and weaknesses and external threats and opportunities. The major marketing objective of Harrods was to improve brand awareness and establish itself in the foreign market. The brand implemented an integrated marketing campaign involving all promotional and marketing activities. The IMC campaign consisted of advertising and media, promotional strategies as well as use of latest media strategies for maximum penetration. The current global fashion industry is defined by intensive competition as well as frequent implementation of creative marketing strategies and tactics. This is a direct result of increasing competition and necessity for creating a sustainable marketing advantage. Fashion industry consists of different fashion seasons, each characterized by new style or design of clothes. Nevertheless, these hyped fashion periods are short lived among fashion enthusiasts. Owing to the huge demand of fashion brands, control of the top fashion retailers over the industry is way more compared to political bureaucrats (Aaker, 2009). However, recent changes have witnessed a fall in demand for luxury fashion products. The current report will evaluate current positioning of Harrods and ways for the company to implement strategies for future growth and development. Harrods is a globally recognised upmarket departmental store established in Chelsea and Kensington, London. The brand has also diversified itself to other sectors such as, Harrods Estates, Harrods Bank, Air Harrods and Harrods Aviation. The stores in London are the biggest departmental stores in entire Europe with space of 20000 meter squares or 5 acres. The selling space

Rizal in Macao Essay Example for Free

Rizal in Macao Essay Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was forced to leave his country for a second time in February 1888. He was then a full- grown man of 27 years of age, a practicing physician, and a recognized man-of-letters. The first time he went aboard in June 1882, he was a mere lad of 21, a youthful student in search of wisdom in the Old World, a romantic idealist with beautiful dreams of emancipating his people from bondage by the magic power of his pen. Times had changed. Rizal at 27 was an embittered victim of human iniquities, a disillusioned dreamer, a flustrated reformer. The Trip to Hong Kong. On February 3, 1888, after a short stay of six months in his beloved Calamba, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on board the Zafiro. He was sick and sad during the crossing of the choppy China Sea. He did not get off his ship when it made brief stopover at Amoy on February 7. for three reasons: (1) he was not feeling well, (2) it was raining hard, and (3) he heard that the city was dirty. He arrived in Hong Kong on February 8. During his stay in Hong Kong, a British colony, Rizal wrote a letter to Blumentritt, dated February 16, 1888, expressing his bitterness. In Hong Kong, Rizal stayed at Victoria Hotel. He was welcomed by the Filipino residents, including Jose Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio, and Manuel Yriarte, (son of Francisco Yriarte, alcalde mayor of Laguna). A Spaniard, Jose Sainz de Varanda, who was a former secretary of Governor General Terrero, shadowed Rizal’s movement in Hong Kong. It is believed that he was commissioned by the Spanish authorities to spy on Rizal. Hong Kong, wrote Rizal to Blumentritt on February 16, 1888, is a small, but very clean city. Many Portuguese, Hindus, English, Chinese, and Jews live in it. There are some Filipinos, the majority of whom being those who had been exiled to the Marianas Islands in 1872. They are poor, gentle, and timid. Formerly they were rich mechanics, industrialists, and financiers. Visit to Macao. On Feb 18, Rizal, accompanied by Basa, boarded the ferry steamer. Kiu-kiang for Macao. Macao is a Portuguese colony near Hong Kong. â€Å"the city of Macao,† wrote Rizal, in his diary, â€Å"is small, low, and gloomy. There are many junks, sampans, but few steamers. It looks sad and is almost dead. † In Macao, Rizal and Basa stayed at the home of Don Juan. Francisco Lecaros, a Filipino gentleman married to a Portuguese lady. He was rich and spent his days cultivating plants and flowers, many of which came from Philippines. During his two-day sojourn in Macao, Rizal visited the theatre, casino, cathedral and churches, pagodas, botanical garden, and bazaars. He also saw the famous Grotto of Camoens, Portugal’s national poet. In the evening of February 19, he witnessed a Catholic, in which the devotees were dressed in blue and purple dresses and were carrying unlighted candles.

William Wordsworth Essay -- essays research papers

William Wordsworth William Wordsworth was, in my eyes one of the best know romanticist writers of his time. Most of his pieces talk about nature and religion. He, like most romantic poets of his time revolted against the industrial revolution and wrote many pieces about nature in order to go up against it. During the industrial revolution there were many factories being built up that took away most of the open countryside that everyone enjoyed. In these factories, workers were given long hours and little pay for their harsh working conditions. Wordsworth saw this and was appalled at how the factories could first come and take over the land and hire workers for practically no pay and long hours, so he wrote about nature to rebel against the factories. He wrote these poems to let people escape the reality of their lives and have something that was positive to live for. Wordsworth is considered a romantic because his writings were very imaginative, emotional, and visionary. He regularly discussed poetry with his friend Samuel Coleridge, who at the time was also a romantic writer. In their time as friends they wrote and discussed many poems, which later led to the writing of a prelude for his wife whom he had four children with. Originally Wordsworth was from England and was born in 1770 and graduated from Cambridge University. After he graduated he began his work on the idiom of the eighteenth century, which rebelled against the industrial revolution. Dorothy Wordsworth, Wi...

Potential renewable energy sources for kuwait

RENEWABLE ENERGYPotential Renewable Energy Sources for KuwaitKuwait ‘s solution to supplying enforcement to the current grid capacity and dependability is by researching the assorted available options of renewable energy. Some of the major renewable signifiers of energy being utilised all over the universe include solar, geothermic, air current and hydro energy. Based on the state ‘s climatic conditions, the possible beginnings of energy available for Kuwait are as follows.Solar EnergyA cardinal beginning of energy that Kuwait could use is solar energy. Solar energy involves change overing the freely available and abundant sunshine to electrical power. The state experiences high temperatures and really cheery yearss between June and September ( Salam & A ; Mazrooei, 2007 ) . Kuwait can therefore comfortably prolong solar power production throughout the summer. Solar as a signifier of energy can be looked at from two angles: thermal-where solar energy is used for warming and photovoltaic ( PV ) which involves solar energy being used for power production. The first signifier of energy involves change overing the heat from the Sun into electricity, which is used in places for H2O warming and desalinization. Use in this manner would ensue in much economy in footings of outgo on energy. This signifier of energy can be used to provide for all family energy demands. It can besides be used in street lighting every bit good as in industries for nutrient production. It requires small cost to put up and keep a solar energy system in your house. Apart from this being a cheaper option, it is environmental friendly in that it does non breathe any harmful gases. The 2nd option of using sunshine, photovoltaic, would necessitate more complex system put in topographic point. This option is in fact under consideration by the Gulf Cooperation Council ( GCC ) to be implemented in Kuwait. Plans are underway to put $ 3.6 billion in Kuwait entirely to accomplish photovoltaic energy in the state ( Alnaser 2008 ) . Using solar energy is expected to cut down the part of Kuwait to the universe ‘s emanation of Carbon Monoxide which presently stands at about 0.2 % ( Alnaser, 2008 ) . Alnaser ( 2008 ) has farther argued that globally, there has been an mean addition of 40 % in footings of the volumes of energy produced from solar. There is still more room for betterment because the sum of energy produced in a individual twenty-four hours is adequate to prolong life for old ages. Solar as a beginning of energy has a major defect in that it is susceptible to break and therefore non stable ( ABB, 2011 ) . The supply may be low during the cloudy and showery yearss. The power produced may therefore non be efficient and dependable for critical utilizations such as in production industries. Progresss in engineering should nevertheless be able to work out this job in future. A more complex system that is able to hive away the solar energy and giving the user the control of the units being consumed is being explored. ABB ( 2011 ) has explained how lithium-ion batteries can be integrated with solar energy to supply back up during low production periods. Previous efforts by the Kuwait authorities to ship on solar energy undertaking were thwarted by sand storm and the predominating big sum of dust on possible tapping countries. The authorities has at times appeared non to be excessively enthusiastic to the thought as it â€Å"fails to give fiscal inducements to those willing to prosecute such projects.† ( Hashem, 2011 ) . There is a renewed attempt by the state ‘s authorities to put in researching the solar energy options. Recently, the state ‘s Chamber of Commerce and Industry, ( KCCI ) , revealed a government-lead undertaking that would be $ 120bn. The undertaking is to be implemented within the following five old ages. It involves the authorities encompassing solar energy as portion of its development programs. ( Hashem, 2011 ) . The authorities has besides shown involvements by partnering with other states ‘ authoritiess to implement solar undertakings all over the state. Fortune CT from UK and Toyota T Suchu Corporation from Japan are some of the international companies actively take parting in nidation of solar energy in different parts in Kuwait. Solar energy has small consequence on the environments as non gases are emitted. The costs of geting a solar system are besides cheaper compared to geothermal and hydro. Keeping the system costs about nil as no fuel is used.Wind EnergyWind energy involves using the strength of air current to travel big treadmills which in bend rotate to bring forth power. Just like solar energy, this signifier of energy is renewable and has small injury to the environment. Already, states like Brazil are using this signifier of energy ABB ( 2011 ) . Brazil utilizes the offshore air current to bring forth energy which is so transmitted in the normal power lines for 100s of kilometres. States with similar conditions forms including North African and other Middle East states are in the procedure of implementing air current power usage. It is projected that in old ages to come, weave energy will be used to bring forth about 12 % the planetary energy and in the procedure a important alternate energy begin ning in the coming old ages ( Alnaser, 2008 ) . Kuwait ‘s air current velocity is above the 1400 per hr threshold which is considered as the lower limit air current velocity that can prolong economically feasible air current production. Salam & A ; Mazrooei ( 2007 ) have noted that in recent old ages, Kuwait has been sing increasing air current velocities. There has been an addition of wind velocities of up to 0.21 ms-1 between 1999 and 2004. The state could look at the positive side of this consequence. Windmills could be set up at strategic topographic points to assist pin down the air current energy and change over it to electrical energy. Alnaser ( 2008 ) has projected that Kuwait would be bring forthing a important sum of air current and solar energy by the twelvemonth 2015. For Kuwait to accomplish this signifier of energy, a complex system made up of several air current turbines will hold to be put in topographic point at strategic countries. An ideal country would be on the sea shore to capitalise on the sea zephyr common in such topographic points. The acquisition of these turbines every bit good as puting up the workss will be rather a batch. The authorities has to therefore supply some support or offer incentive to private investor who may be willing to set about the venture. Wind programs have besides been known to hold a negative consequence on the wildlife in the environing country particularly the birds. The building sites of air current power workss require an country that is free from wind obstructor. With edifices built across the state, happening such a topographic point may be a bit difficult. Economically sustainable production of air current power requires that there be blowy conditions throughout which might non ever be the instance.Geothermal energyGeothermal energy involves using the heat on the land to give energy. Kuwait has the potency of making geothermic energy that is yet to be to the full exploited. Plans are underway to increase this option of energy coevals. The Kuwait authorities has given a spell in front to contractor to build a H2O works, Al-Zour North power works that is expected to bring forth about 4,800 megawatts of power ( Izzak, 2010 ) . The authorities is besides be aftering to increase production in bing workss by replac ing old systems with more efficient 1s. Izzak, ( 2010 ) has explained that the authorities of Kuwait intends to replace about 18 per centum of the transformers presently being used with more efficient 1s. Other Countries in the Middle East have besides been dallying with the thought of geothermic energy. In UAE for illustration, Masdar, a pro environment preservation company has been transporting trials on how to implement a geothermic undertaking in Abu Dhabi since 2009. The execution was expected to get down instantly after the testing. A major set vaulting horse to geothermal energy is that the procedure is a bit expensive to implement every bit compared to implementing solar energy. This is because geothermic electricity coevals depends on H2O ; yet this H2O has to be gotten through desalinization of saltwater, which is a dearly-won procedure. Initial set up of the works is besides dearly-won. Another job is that Kuwait is rather hot. Achieving the geothermic energy requires some signifier of chilling. This chilling is rather impossible to accomplish without breathing harmful gases to the environment. The deepnesss at which the hot stones are located vary from topographic point to topographic point. Geologists have to make thorough analyze to set up such facts and besides to measure whether such a undertaking is economically executable in Kuwait. Once a geothermal works is up and running, care and running costs are comparatively low.HydroelectricityHydroelectric power productions involve big volumes of high force per unit area H2O being used to turn big turbines to bring forth energy. Kuwait experiences a low sum of rainfall with the mean being about 115 millimeters ( Salam & A ; Mazrooei, 2007 ) . The state is by and large dry with few rivers. For the state to prolong an economical degree of hydroelectric energy production, it must use other beginnings: chiefly saltwater. For this to go on, a fuel devouring procedure of salination has to be carried out which might be expensive to set about. Merely like the other aforementioned options, Hydro works set up requires a batch of resources to put up. Such a undertaking would therefore require substantial support from either the authorities or private sector. This signifier of energy would necessitate edifice of dike. This would ensue in interfering with the wildlife bing in the rivers every bit good as the environing country.Bio FuelAnother possible beginning of renewable energy is bio fuel. This is a sort of fuel that is obtained from biomass. The energy produced can be used for warming and lighting in the rural countries. It can be besides used for cooking at both rural and urban scene. Bio Fuel energy offers the merely alternate to fossil fuel as a renewable C based beginning of fuel that exist is important measure ( Klass, 2004 ) . Klass, ( 2004 ) has argued that the degrees of natural gas would non be sufficient to prolong the demand during the beginning of the twenty-first century. Such a state of affairs would coerce the universe to look elsewhere for their energy supply. This could necessitate the stakeholders in the sector to switch to undeveloped biomass as the alternate beginning of energy. Kuwait can place herself for such an contingency by puting in the relevant biomass transition engineerings. The state could, for case, put in power workss which use wood energy which is burned to bring forth steam. This steam is in bend channeled to turbines to bring forth energy. To prolong this manner of energy production, there requires a sufficient supply of biomass. Engendering workss that produce high sum of biomass can accomplish this. Klass, ( 2004 ) has identified peculiar works species that can accomplish aid achive this. Such workss include the alone herbaceous biomass workss and other intercrossed vegetations, which he refers to as ‘energy workss ‘ . Klass, ( 2004 ) has explained a manner of guaranting a changeless supply of biomass for biofuel. This is by guaranting that a new growing of biomass will readily come up in topographic point of the biomass collected for energy production. Bio fuel usage has an extra advantage in that it has does non foul the environment and displaces the usage of fuel. When used in concurrence with coal or wood, bio fuel reduces the sum of harmful gasses released to the environment. Bio fuel usage could besides cut down the rate at which dodo fuel is being depleted from Earth.Ethanol fuelClosely related to bio fuel is usage of ethyl alcohol. This ethyl alcohol as gotten from workss such as sugar cane, wheat and maize and can be used for fueling vehicles. Puting up workss for ethyl alcohol harvest home is comparatively inexpensive. However, acquiring a changeless supply of ethanol bring forthing workss would necessitate a considerable resource allotment. The procedure of production of energy is besides quit dearly-won, as it requires fuel. The fuel used in bring forthing ethyl alcohol may besides ensue in production of gases, which may foul the environment.DecisionThe potency is at that place for Kuwait to research other option of ener gy production. The implicit in factor in all these options is some kind of support for research every bit good as initial set up. The authorities of Kuwait can make this either straight or by offering fiscal inducement. Exhaustive cost-benefit analysis is besides necessary to set up the viability of each option. Any option that Kuwait takes would an of import enforcement to the current grid capacity which is dominated by natural gas and oil.

International Cooperation Essay

The paper â€Å"International Cooperation in Economic and Security Affairs, by Charles Lipson, published in the October 1984 issue of â€Å"World Politics† focuses on analyzing the different forms of strategic interaction that address issues pertaining to international cooperation in economic and security affairs. It analyzes the use of the Prisoner’s Dilemma theory to help clarify some basic features of international conflict and cooperation as well as some objections for its usage as a model of international interaction. It also discusses factors that affect the relationship between superpowers, the hegemonic system, the effect of recessions, the evolution of cooperation as well as detailed account of sustained economic cooperation among developed nations. The Prisoner’s Dilemma theory demonstrates both the possible benefits from cooperation and the factors that hinder it. The study of international political economy must address how relationships are corrected to make cooperation of exchange sensibly secure. The author emphasizes the main issue in international relations theory, which is the emergence and maintenance of cooperation among sovereign, self-interest states, performing in the absence of centralized authority. Every nation must readily commit to comply with economic agreements in order to facilitate trust and eliminate the risks of cooperating. Strategic cooperation is important in encouraging the creation of rules, norms, and political institutions in the international economy and in security affairs. It is also important to understand the pattern of rule construction in international cooperation.

Free Essays on Adoption Stats

In the 1990s, there are approximately 120,000 adoptions of children each year. This number has remained fairly constant in the 1990s, and is still relatively proportionate to population size in the U.S 104,000 children were adopted in 1986, 53,000 of whom were related adoptions and 51,000 of whom were unrelated. In addition, approximately 10,000 children were adopted from abroad, bringing the total number of unrelated adoptions to 61,000. States with the highest number of adoptions are states with greater populations. In 1992, California lead with 14,722 adoptions. New York was second with 9,570, Texas third with 8,235, Florida fourth with 6,839, and Illinois fifth with 6,599 adoptions. It is estimated that about 1 million children in the United States live with adoptive parents, and that between 2% to 4% of American families include an adopted child. The majority of Americans are personally affected by adoption. In 1997, the Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute conducted a benchmark survey of 1,554 adults to examine public attitudes toward the institution of adoption and members of the adoption triad. The survey found that 6 in 10 Americans have had personal experience with adoption, meaning that they themselves, a family member, or a close friend was adopted, had adopted a child, or had placed a child for adoption. In 1992, there were 127,441 children adopted in the United States. Between two and four percent of all adoptees searched in the year 1990. A survey conducted in the late 1980's estimated that 500,000 adult adoptees were seeking or have found their birth families In a study of American adolescents, the Search Institute found that 72 percent of adopted adolescents wanted to know why they were adopted, 65 percent wanted to meet their birth parents, and 94 percent wanted to know which birth parent they looked like. The psychological literature has established that the desire of 60 to 90 percent of a... Free Essays on Adoption Stats Free Essays on Adoption Stats In the 1990s, there are approximately 120,000 adoptions of children each year. This number has remained fairly constant in the 1990s, and is still relatively proportionate to population size in the U.S 104,000 children were adopted in 1986, 53,000 of whom were related adoptions and 51,000 of whom were unrelated. In addition, approximately 10,000 children were adopted from abroad, bringing the total number of unrelated adoptions to 61,000. States with the highest number of adoptions are states with greater populations. In 1992, California lead with 14,722 adoptions. New York was second with 9,570, Texas third with 8,235, Florida fourth with 6,839, and Illinois fifth with 6,599 adoptions. It is estimated that about 1 million children in the United States live with adoptive parents, and that between 2% to 4% of American families include an adopted child. The majority of Americans are personally affected by adoption. In 1997, the Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute conducted a benchmark survey of 1,554 adults to examine public attitudes toward the institution of adoption and members of the adoption triad. The survey found that 6 in 10 Americans have had personal experience with adoption, meaning that they themselves, a family member, or a close friend was adopted, had adopted a child, or had placed a child for adoption. In 1992, there were 127,441 children adopted in the United States. Between two and four percent of all adoptees searched in the year 1990. A survey conducted in the late 1980's estimated that 500,000 adult adoptees were seeking or have found their birth families In a study of American adolescents, the Search Institute found that 72 percent of adopted adolescents wanted to know why they were adopted, 65 percent wanted to meet their birth parents, and 94 percent wanted to know which birth parent they looked like. The psychological literature has established that the desire of 60 to 90 percent of a...

19 Interesting Selenium Facts

19 Interesting Selenium Facts Selenium is a chemical element that is found in a wide variety of products. Here are some interesting facts about selenium: Selenium gets its name from the Greek word selene, which means moon. Selene was the Greek goddess of the moon.Selenium has atomic number 34,  meaning each atom has 34 protons. The element symbol of selenium is Se.Selenium was discovered jointly in 1817 by  Swedish chemists Jà ¶ns Jakob Berzelius (1779–1848) and Johan Gottlieb Gahn (1745–1818).Although it is uncommonly found, selenium does exist in relatively pure form, free in nature.Selenium is a nonmetal. Like many nonmetals, it exhibits different colors and structures (allotropes) depending on the conditions.Selenium is essential for proper nutrition in many organisms, including humans and other animals, but is toxic in larger amounts and in compounds.Brazil nuts are high in selenium, even if they are grown in soil that is not rich in the element.  A single nut provides enough selenium to meet the daily requirement for a human adult.English electrical engineer Willoughby Smith (1828–1891) discovered tha t selenium reacts to light (photoelectric effect), leading to its use as a light sensor in the 1870s. Scottish-born American inventor Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922) made a selenium-based photophone in 1879. The primary use of selenium is to decolorize glass,  to color glass red, and to make the pigment China Red. Other uses are in photocells, in laser printers and photocopiers, in steels, in semiconductors, and in assorted medicinal preparations.There are six natural isotopes of selenium. One is radioactive, while the other five are stable. However, the half-life of the unstable isotope is so long that it is essentially stable. Another 23 unstable isotopes have been produced.Selenium salts are used to help control dandruff.Selenium is protective against mercury poisoning.Some plants require high levels of selenium to survive, so the presence of those plants means the soil is rich in the element.Liquid selenium exhibits extremely high surface tension.Selenium and its compounds are anti-fungal.Selenium is important to several enzymes,  including  antioxidant enzymes  glutathione peroxidase  and  thioredoxin reductase and the  deiodinase  enzymes that convert thyroid hormon es into other forms.Approximately 2,000 tons of selenium are extracted annually worldwide. Selenium is most commonly produced as a byproduct of copper refining.The element was featured in the films Ghostbusters and Evolution. More detailed selenium facts are included with the periodic table data.

Ethical controversial about the abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical controversial about the abortion - Essay Example These people base their argument with Aristotle point of view that abortion is right since it creates a strong path for people to control the size of their family. Supporters of abortion believe that there is no biblical text that specifically prohibits abortion, despite many citing various biblical verses as a framework for forbidding abortion. This essay seeks to underline the ethical controversial about abortion. In the article entitled, Abortion in Australia: a Legal Misconception 2005 Kerry Petersen presented the opinion polls, which showed that most Australians approved women having their rights to carry out abortions. In Australia, there has been little support and emphasize for introducing restrictive laws that ban abortion and most state regards abortion as legal to protect the health of the woman (Kerry 142). The ground on which abortion is allowed differs from state to state. In practice, most states in Australia believe that all women have the right to access medical serv ices for termination of pregnancy especially in cases when the pregnancy may interfere with their health. The major aspect surrounding abortion in modern times is just when the soul enters into the body. Just as in ancient times, Aristotle believed that if performed early, abortion was not killing the human life (Mercer 22). He considered that the embryo gained a human soul after forty days if male and ninety days if female. Before that period, Aristotle believed that the embryo had animal and vegetable soul. In modern times, some people believe that a woman has an ethical obligation to terminate pregnancy if conducted at an early stage. In this regard, most people claim that women may terminate a pregnancy because of many reasons such as in the case of incest or rape, when the mother is not financially prepared, or when the pregnancy interferes with the mother’s health. By virtue, the accumulation of human cells has the right to live if only it has reached a specific stage o f development. With this, it stands out that it is right to terminate the pregnancy provided it is done at an early stage. A study conducted in 2009 by Rita indicates that, a pregnant woman has the moral right to terminate pregnancy if the pregnancy interferes with her personal life. In other words, the woman has the right to take the decision without legal or moral intervention of others. A woman has the right of ownership to her body. With this, she can make the decision to abort the foetus if it is interfering with her life or health. Additionally, it may not be ethically wrong to terminate a pregnancy in cases where the mother has to choose, which of the conjoined twin will die. In such cases, the operation required to separate them may cause one infant to die. The woman may be forced to abandon one of her child to save the other. Nevertheless, opponents of abortion hold that human lives are sacred and one should treat them with respect and reverence (Mercer 30). Most religions stress that, God is the creator and giver of life, and human beings should not destroy what he has created in his image. The Roman Catholic Church maintains that abortion is against God’s word and natural law, and there should be no scenarios that make it better or right. Ethically, religious experts believe that the foetus deserve to live just like a human being does (Haugen, Susan, and

Should we have the Good Faith Exception extended to searches and Research Paper

Should we have the Good Faith Exception extended to searches and seizures - Research Paper Example ditions. The Fourth Amendment is limited to governmental searches and seizures made by the federal government and also state governments through the Due Process Clause, Justice Felix Frankfurter said in the case â€Å"The security of one's privacy against arbitrary intrusion by the police is basic to a free society† (Wolf v. Colorado [1941])). But in order to understand what an unreasonable search and seizure is, we must fist understand the concept or definition of â€Å"search†. In the landmark case of Katz v. ... Any evidence that are taken in violation of the Fourth Amendment is inadmissible as evidence in any criminal prosecution in a court. The Fourth Amendment protects man from unreasonable government interference in his daily life, although several Supreme Court cases have provided certain exceptions to this general rule. One of this exceptions established by the Supreme Court was made in the landmark case of United States v. Leon (1984) is the â€Å"good faith rule†. The fact of the case was based on a drug case that was under surveillance by the police authority in Burbank, California. Based on the information given by the officer taking the said surveillance, a certain Officer Rombach filed for an application of a search warrant for three residences upon the review and approval of the District Attorney. A state court judge after reviewing the request, issued a search warrant. Hence, a search ensued and the suspects were indicted for federal drug offenses. Upon trial, respondent suspects moved that the evidence taken in the search be inadmissible as evidence stating that the affidavit lacked sufficient proof of probable cause. Officer Rombach replied in his defense that his reliance on the search warrant was based on good faith, believing that the officer that gave the information was based on his personal knowledge that would in effect lead to a proper probable cause. The Courts accepted the defense and thereafter established good faith reliance on a defective search warrant by the court, as an exception to the exclusionary rule in violating the Fourth Amendment. As Justice Brennan and Justice Marshall dissented in the case, I also agree that the good faith exception is a dangerous decision that can violate the civil liberties protected by the